This could suggest new sections along the river that would be important for conservationists to protect. Some 70 per cent resided in the same stream that they were born in – the rest had moved to other habitats. This map helped Brennan’s team pinpoint the birthplaces and travels of more than 400 salmon caught in 2011. They measured the strontium levels in all the samples, and used them to identify seven regions among the river’s streams and tributaries with distinct strontium profiles. They gathered water, sedentary fish called slimy sculpins and otoliths from young salmon that had not yet left home. So the team travelled along the Nushagak river in Alaska collecting samples. Match that with a layer of otolith and you might know that a fish was there at a certain age. And because the different isotopes, or versions, of the element are found in varying quantities in different areas, it means the waters in a certain area should have a distinct isotope ratio. Moving water dissolves strontium out of river rocks, and is included in an otolith as it grows. Sean Brennan of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and his colleagues wondered if they could use the traces of the element strontium in otoliths to accurately track where salmon had been. “It’s this little data-logger in the fish’s head.” Isotope map “It’s an amazing structure,” says Anna Sturrock, a marine biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who wasn’t involved in the study. The chemical composition of each layer of an otolith depends on what was in the water around the fish at the time the calcium carbonate was laid down.
Use two dots (.) in place of an underscore lineĮxample: OS DL CTCE CHRIS.TRAVELER//MAIL.COM Note: For multiple email addresses, create separate OSI elements.Much as the growth rings in a tree stump can be used to age it, otoliths grow in concentric circles as a fish grows, so they can be used to tell how old a fish is.Use two forward slashes (//) in place of the symbol.Total number of passenger travelling togetherĪdditional codes used in OSI elements Entry To cross reference PNRs or to make an airline aware that two or more PNRs are linked, enter, for example: OS SK TCP 4 RECLOC ABC123 Entry To add an OSI element that provides the date of birth of an unaccompanied minor, enter, for example: OS SA DOB 15MAR13 Entry To add an OSI element that provides information on the adult leaving an unaccompanied minor at departure, enter, for example: OS MH DEP CTC HKG 2 /MRS SMITH /MOTHER EntryĬity code, phone number, slash, name of the person leaving the unaccompanied minor, slash, relation to minor
SR ELEMENT COME FROM CODE
Name of the adult collecting the unaccompanied minor, city code and phone number To add an OSI element that provides information on the adult collecting an unaccompanied minor at arrival, enter, for example: OS AA ARR CTCM JOE SMITH SFO 2 Entry To provide information on unaccompanied minors Ticket number (transmits a single number) To add an OSI element that includes a ticket number, enter, for example: OS EK TKNO 176-1234567890 Entry This means that you might see a carrier code in the OSI element that does not appear in the itinerary. Note: In a PNR that contains codeshare segments merged into a single segment, you can enter the OSI element with the marketing or operating carrier code. To add an OSI element for a general information message, enter, for example: OS SQ COMPANY CEO/P2 EntryĪirline code of airline to be advised. A PNR can contain up to 127 OSI elements. The entry can contain a maximum of 68 characters. An OSI element can include any text of your choice. If an OSI element is not passenger associated, the system assumes it belongs to all passengers. If you want to send the information to more than one airline in a PNR, use the generic airline code YY. To create an OSI element, enter OS followed by the 2-letter code of the airline you want to send the message to. Unlike SSR elements, OSI elements do not result in the automatic placement of PNRs in a queue when a response is received from the airline. An OSI element provides information to the airline, but it does not require confirmation from the airline. It is not the same as an SR ( Service Request). An OSI ( Other Service Information) element is added to a PNR to inform an airline of a passenger's preferences or requirements.
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